Philip A. Efron, M.D.

 

RESEARCH INTERESTS:

Philip Efron, M.D., has spent three years (July 2001- July 2004) in the Laboratory of Inflammation Biology and Surgical Science as a T32 trainee under Dr. Lyle L. Moldawer. Aspects of his research interests have expanded to include hepatic ischemia, wound healing, and neuroblastoma biology. However, most of his work has involved dendritic cell inflammation biology, the role of the dendritic cell in sepsis, the role of regulatory T cells in sepsis and studying the local and systemic response in murine and primate models of inflammation and sepsis. After completing his surgical residency, Dr. Efron intends to pursue further training with a critical care fellowship prior to a career in academic surgery, surgical critical care, and surgical research. 


PUBLICATIONS  


1. McAuliffe PF, Efron PA, Scumpia PO, Uchida T, Mutschlecner SC, Rout WR, Moldawer LL, Cendan JC.  (2005) Varying Blood Monocyte and Dendritic Cell Responses After Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastric Bypass Surgery.  Obesity Surgery in press.


2. Efron PA, Chen MK, Iyengar M, Dai W, Nagaram A, Beierle EA.  (2005) Differential response of neuroblastoma to TRAIL is independent of PIK3/Akt.  Journal of Pediatric Surgery in press.


3. Schreiber J, Efron PA, Park, J, Moldawer LL, Barbul A.  (2005) Adenoviral gene transfer of an NF-κB super-repressor increases collagen deposition in rodent cutaneous wound healing.  Surgery in press.


4. Tsujimoto H, Uchida T, Efron PA, Verma A, Scumpia PO, Matsumoto T, Tschoeke SV, Ungaro RF, Ono S, Seki S, Clare-Salzler M, Baker HV, Mochizuki H, Ramphal R, Moldawer LL.  (2005) Flagellin enhances NK cell proliferation and activation both directly and through dendritic cell-NK cell interactions.  Journal of Leukocyte Biology in press.


5. Womer KL, Peng R, Patton PR, Murawski MR, Bucci M, Kaleem A, Schold J, Efron PA, Hemming AW, Srinivas TR, Meier-Kriesche HU, Kaplan B, Clare-Salzler MJ.  (2005) The effects of renal transplantation on peripheral blood dendritic cells.  Clinical Transplantation 5:659-67.


6. Scumpia PO, McAuliffe PF, O'Malley KA, Ungaro R, Uchida T, Matsumoto T, Remick DG, Clare-Salzler MJ, Moldawer LL, Efron PA.  (2005) CD11c+ dendritic cells are required for survival in murine polymicrobial sepsis.  Journal of Immunology 175:3282-6.


7. Efron PA, Tsujimoto H, Bahjat FR, Ungaro R, Debernardis J, Tannahill C, Baker HV, Edwards CK, Moldawer LL.  (2005) Characterization of the maturation of murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α.  Journal of Endotoxin Research 11:145-60.


8. Oberholzer A., Oberholzer C, Efron PA, Scumpia PO, Uchida T, Bahjat K, Ungaro R, Tannahill CL, Murday M, Bahjat FR, Tsai V, Hutchins B, Moldawer LL, LaFace D, Clare-Salzler MJ.  (2005) Functional modification of dendritic cells with recombinant adenovirus encoding interleukin 10 for the treatment of sepsis.  Shock 6:507-15.


9. Womer KL, Peng R, Patton PR, Kaleem A, Bucci M, Murawski MR, Schold J, Efron PA, Hemming AW, Srinivas TR, Meier-Kriesche HU, Kaplan B, Clare-Salzler MJ.  (2005) The effects of renal transplantation on circulating precursor dendritic cells.  Tranplantation Proceedings 37:3-6.


10. Lainee P, Efron PA, Tschoeke SK, Elies L, Lorre K, Moldawer LL.  (2005) Delayed neutralization of interferon-γ prevents lethality in primate Gram negative bacteremic shock.  Critical Care Medicine 33:797-805.


11. Matsumoto T, Efron PA, Tsujimoto H, Tschoeke SK, Ungaro R, Fujita S, Foley DP, Hemming A, Moldawer LL.  (2005) Splenic transposition is superior to caudal shunt as a model of murine total hepatic ischemia.  Laboratory Investigation 85:90-8.


12. Schreiber J, Efron PA, Moldawer LL, Barbul A.  (2004) Adenoviral gene transfer of an NF-κB super-repressor increases rodent cutaneous wound healing.  6th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis - Pathophysiology, Immune Consequnces and Therapy, Ed. Eugen Faist, Medimond International Proceedings:239-43.


13. Efron PA, Martins A, Minnich DJ, Tinsley K, Ungaro R, Bahjat FR, Hotchkiss R, Clare-Salzler M, Moldawer LL.  (2004) Characterization of the systemic loss of dendritic cells in murine lymph nodes during polymicrobial sepsis.  Journal of Immunology 173:3035-43.


14. Efron PA, Tinsley K, Minnich DJ., Monterroso V, Wagner J, Lainee P, Lorre K, Swanson PE,  Hotchkiss R, Moldawer LL.  (2004) Multiple mechanisms are responsible for increased lymphoid tissue apoptosis in bacteremic baboons.  Shock 21:566:571.


15. Efron PA, Moldawer LL.  (2004) Cytokines and wound healing: the role of cytokine and anticytokine therapy in the repair response.  Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 25:149-60.


16. Efron PA, Moldawer LL.  (2004) Gene therapy in the critically ill mouse.  Chapter in Physiological Genomics of the Crticially Ill Mouse.  Ed. Can Ince, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA: 363-81.


17. Efron P, Moldawer L. (2003) The Role of Dendritic Cell in Sepsis.  Shock 20:386-401.


18. Efron PA, Moldawer LL.  (2003) Blocking of IL-18: a TNFα lesson already learned.  Critical Care Medicine 32:2241-2.


19. Efron PA, Beierle EA.  (2003) Pediatric sand aspiration: case report and literature review.  Pediatric Surgery International 19:409-12.


20. Efron P, Knudsen E, Hirshorn S, Copeland EM.  (2002) Anaphylactic reaction to isosulfan blue used for sentinel node biopsy: case report and literature review.  Breast Journal 8:396-9.


21. Scaffer MR, Efron PA, Thornton FJ, Klingel K, Gross SS, Barbul A.  (1997) Nitric Oxide, an autocrine regulator of wound fibroblast synthetic function.  Journal of Immunology 158:2375-81.


22. Schaffer MR, Tantry U, Efron PA, Ahrendt GM, Thornton FJ, Barbul A.  (1997) Diabetes-impaired healing and reduced wound nitric oxide synthesis: a possible pathophysiologic correlation.  Surgery 121:513-9.


PRESENTATIONS


1. Matsumoto T, O'Malley K, Efron PA, Fujita S, Moldawer LL, Hemming AW, Foley DP.  (2005) Interleukin-6 protects the liver from reperfusion injury during ischemic preconditioning.  (Oral Presentation) Surgical Forum, American College of Surgeons 91st Annual Clinical Congress, San Francisco, CA.


2. McAuliffe PF, Efron PA, Scumpia PO, Uchida T, Mutschlecner SC, Rout WR, Moldawer LL, Cendan JC.  (2005) Varying Blood Monocyte and Dendritic Cell Responses After Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastric Bypass Surgery.  10th World Congress of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity, Maastricht, The Netherlands.


3. Scumpia PO, Efron PA, McAuliffe PF, Uchida T, Clare-Salzler MJ, Moldawer LL.  (2005) CD11c+ dendritic cells are required for survival in murine polymicrobial sepsis.  (Oral Presentation) 28th Annual Conference on Shock, Marco Island, Florida.


4. Matsumoto T, Efron P, Tschoeke S, Uchida T, Ungaro R, Tannahill C, O'Malley K, Fujita S, Moldawer LL, Hemming A, Foley DP. (2005) Increased IL-6 / STAT 3 activation in hepatic ischemic preconditioning.  28th Annual Conference on Shock, Marco Island, Florida.


5. Efron PA, Matsumoto T, Tsujimoto H, Mcauliffe P, Scumpia P, Moldawer LL, Fujita S, Foley D, Hemming A.  (2005) Alterations in circulating dendritic cells and monocytes following hepatectomy may affect systemic immunity.  (Oral Presentation) 25th Annual Meeting of the Society of University Surgeons, Nashville, Tennessee.


6. Tsujimoto H, Efron PA, Matsumoto T, Tschoeke SK, Ungaro R, Lanz, J, Ono S, Mochizuki H, Moldawer LL.  (2004) Pathogen dependent dendritic cell maturation and toll-like receptor expression.  (Oral Presentation) 27th Annual Shock Society Meeting, Nova Scotia, Canada.


7. Matsumoto T, Efron PA, Tsujimoto H, Tschoeke SK, Ungaro R, Solis D, Fujita S, Foley D, Hemming A, and Moldawer LL.  (2004) Splenic transposition superior to caudal shunt as a model of murine total hepatic ischemia.  27th Annual Shock Society Meeting, Nova Scotia, Canada.


8. Schreiber J, Efron PA, Park J, Moldawer LL, Barbul A.  (2004) Iκ-B adenoviral gene transfer improves wound healing.(Oral Presentation) 14th Annual Wound Healing Society, Atlanta, GA.


9. Tsujimoto H, Ono S, Majima T, Efron PA, Matsumoto, Kinoshita M, Hiraide H, Moldawer LL, Mochizuki H.  (2004) Differential Toll-like receptor-4 expression after lipopolysaccharide exposure in patients with septic and nonseptic surgical stress.  (Oral Presentation) 24th Annual Meeting of the Surgical Infection Society, Indianapolis, Indiana.


10. Lainee P, Efron PA, Lorre K, Moldawer LL.  (2004) Delayed neutralization of interferon-gamma in primates prevents lethality in gram negative bacteriemic shock.  (Oral Presentation) 6th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis, Munich Germany.


11. Efron PA, Scumpia PO, Matsumoto T, Tsujimoto H, Tschoeke SK, McAuliffe PF, Ungaro R, Moldawer LL.  (2004) T regulatory cells are increased druing murine polymicrobial sepsis.  (Oral Poster) 6th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis, Munich Germany.


12. Efron PA, Chen MK, Dai W, Langham Jr. MR, Beierle EA.  (2003) Differential response of neuroblastoma subtypes to TRAIL is not due to variations in the PIK3/AKT response but may be dependent on differential membrane DcR expression.  Association for Academic Surgery 37th Annual Meeting, Sacremento, CA.


13. Schreiber J, Efron PA, Park J, Moldawer LL, Barbul A.  (2004) Iκ-B adenoviral gene transfer improves wound healing.(Oral Presentation) 6th World Congress on Trauma, Shock, Inflammation and Sepsis, Munich Germany and (2003) (Oral Poster) Plastic Surgery Research Council 48th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV.


14. Efron PA, Minnich DM, Martins A, Bahjat R, Ungaro R, Copeland EM, Moldawer LL.  (2003) Characterization of the decreased dendritic cell population in murine lymph nodes during polymicrobial sepsis.  (Oral Presentation) 26th Annual Shock Society Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona.


15. Minnich DJ, Feezor RJ, Efron PA, Tannahill CL, Baker HV, Cance WG and Moldawer LL.  (2003) Common and distinct patterns of pulmonary gene expression in two inflammation models.  26th Annual Shock Society Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona.


16. Minnich DJ, Feezor RJ, Efron PA, Tannahill CL, Baker HV, Cance WG and Moldawer LL.  (2003) Common and distinct patterns of pulmonary gene expression in two inflammation models.  26th Annual Shock Society Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona


17. Tinsley K, Efron PA, Minnich DJ, Monterroso V, Wagner J, Moldawer LL and Hotchkiss R.  (2003) Multiple mechanisms responsible for increased lymphoid tissue apoptosis in bacteremic baboons.  26th Annual Shock Society Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona.


18. Minnich DJ, Feezor RJ, Efron PA, Baker HV, Copeland EM and Moldawer LL.  (2003) Gene profiling of acute lung injury following sepsis and visceral ischemia.  Surgical Infection Society 23rd Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas.


19. Efron PA, Feezor RJ, TannahillCL, Ungaro RF, Baker HV, Copeland III EM, Moldawer LL.  (2003) Lipolysaccharide and TNF-α induce different gene expression patterns in murine myeoloid dendritic cells.  Surgical Infection Society 23rd Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas.


20. Efron PA, Martins A, Bahjat R, Ungaro R, Moldawer L, Copeland EM.  (2002) Polymicrobial sepsis decreases the percentage of dendritic cells in local as well as distant lymph nodes.  (Oral Presentation) Surgical Forum, American College of Surgeons 88th Annual Clinical Congress, San Francisco, CA.


21. E fron P, Bahjat F, Oberholzer A, Ungaro RF, Debernardis J, Clare-Salzler MJ, Moldawer LL.  (2002) Induction of murine dendritic cell maturation by lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-α.  Surgical Infection Society 1st Joint Meeting, Madrid, Spain.


22. Welborn MB III, Efron P, Modrall JG, Malaty J, Abouhamze A, Turnage RH, Moldawer LL.  (2002) LPS priming in the mouse results in increased mortality despite the induction of TNF-α tolerance.  (Oral Presentation) Surgical Infection Society 1st Joint Meeting, Madrid, Spain.

 
 

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