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What is colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a visual examination of the rectum and entire colon, performed by our colorectal surgeons at our hospital or in our clinic. It is a safe, effective means of visually examining the full lining of the colon and rectum, using a long, flexible, tubular instrument. Colonoscopy is used to diagnose colon and rectum problems and to perform biopsies and remove colon polyps. Most colonoscopies are done on outpatient basis. The exam is similar to a flexible sigmoidoscopy, except that the thin tube is inserted into the rectum and through the entire length of the colon. If polyps are found, they can be removed during this procedure. Because this exam is more invasive than the flexible sigmoidoscopy, our colorectal surgeon will sedate the patient before performing the procedure. The bowel must be completely empty for this visual examination, so patients must adhere to a clear liquid diet for 1-2 days prior to the test. During that time, patients also must cleanse their colon by drinking a purifying solution.

Who should have a colonoscopy?

Your physician may recommend a colonoscopy exam if you have change in bowel habit or bleeding, indicating a possible problem in the colon or rectum.

A colonoscopy is also necessary to:

• Evaluate unexplained abdominal symptoms
• Investigate the possibility of inflammatory bowel disease (colitis)
• Verify findings of polyps or tumors located with a barium enema exam and removal
• Examine patients who test positive for blood in the stool
• Monitor patients with a past history of colon polyps or cancer
• Monitor patients with family history of colon and rectal cancer
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How is colonoscopy performed?

The bowel must first be thoroughly cleared of all residues before a colonoscopy. This is done 1-2 days before the exam as prescribed by our surgeons.

The colonoscope is inserted and when possible will be advanced to the portion of the colon where the small intestine enters. During a complete examination of the bowel, your physician will remove polyps or take biopsies as necessary.

The entire procedure usually takes less than an hour. There is little pain; however, mild sedation is given when necessary to relieve anxiety and discomfort. Following the colonoscopy, there may be slight discomfort, which quickly improves with the expelling of gas. Most patients can resume their regular diet later that day.

What are the benefits of colonoscopy?

With colonoscopy, it is now possible to detect and remove most polyps without abdominal surgery. Colonoscopy is more accurate than an radiographic exam of the colon to detect polyps or early cancer. Frequently, polyps can be removed at the same time, a major step towards the prevention of colon cancer.

Who needs Prophylaxis?